goLu muhuðata þalluvena síhalayin

lákaava namæþi idam kæællee ðemaLa janayaa vyaapþavii æþi aakaaraya penvana pahaþa ðæk‌vena siþiyam væðagaþ vannee ratee iþihaasaya haa bhuugoola viðyaava gæna noðannaa ðeezapaalakayin, bhaaxaava anuva rata beðiimata yaama keþaram ajçaana kriyaavakða yanna vatahaa gæniima saÐahaaya. lákaavee suLu jana var‌ga mahajaaþiya samaGa mizrava æþþee hariyata biþ‌þara kiipayak omlat saÐahaa kaLavam karaa vageeya. vigneezvaran uþuree maha æmaþi laGaðii kiv pariði 1948 sita síhala aaNdu ðemaLa jana sáhaarayak karagena yanavaa nam mee siþiyamvalin peena an‌ðamata ðemaLa janayaa síhala praðeezavala siisiikadavii visirii jiivaþ‌vannee keseeða?

lákaava tæmilnaad kotasak novii beeruNee muhuðin læbuNa aarakxaava nisaaya. eya égalanþaya næpooliyangen haa hitlargen‌ beeruNaa vænimaya (égalanþayee vaþ‌man rajavarunta þaamaþ æþþee jar‌man leeya). eheþ tæmilnaad valata yakada paalamak haa konkriit bígeyak ðaannata plæænkaraNa ayaða lákaavee sitii. mesee vunoþ ðænata horen lákaavata ena tæmilnaad janayaa væla nokædii galaa enu nisækaya. uþurata polis balaþala ðunnoþ ovunta polis aarakxaavaða læbenu æþa. mee aya rata æþulee síhala maayim praðeeza valata sákramaNaya vanu æþþee þeesavalam niiþiya anuva yaapana praðeezavala idam næþi nisaaya. maayim gammaanavala geval haa jalaya saÐahaa gætum hataganu æþa. síhala minisaa kramayen goLu muhuðata þalluvenu æþa.

13 vana sázoðhanaya mona þaram bhayaanaka mara uGulakða kiyaa peniiyannee iilam naayakayin kiyana ðemaLa jana var‌gayaagee abhilaaza (æspireexans) zaakxaaþ kara gæniima saÐahaa uþura haa næGenahira ðemaLa nijabim lesa venkara gaþ pasu, aniþ palaaþ haþee innaa ðemaLa janayaa iiLama nam ee nija bimata misa lákaavata læðiyaavak noðakvana nisaaya. aniþ aþata iiLam paalakayin mee ðakuNee innaa ðamiLayinva noyek aakaarayata usi gannanavaa nisækaya. síhala palaaþ vala janayaa balavaþ aaþaþiyakata paþ‌viimaþ, kææli haþakata beðuNu síhala aaNdu balavaþ hisaraðavalata asuvii asaraNaviimaþ siðuvanu niyaþaya. lookayee venaþ ratavalata aþ‌vuuyeeða mevæni iraNamaki.  uþurata pol raa genna epaa, buðu pilima haðanna epaa, ðemaLa janayaa síhalayin kasaaða baÐinna epaa, uþura-næGenahira ekaþu karanna oonææ yana kaþaa þava þavaþ ugravii in síhalayaa kulappu vanavita, mema ðevana haa þunvana siþiyamvala raþupaatin penena ðemaLa janayaata 13 sázoðhanaya ðun visaÐuma kumak veeviða?

mema siþiyam paha piLiyela kalee ‭ “‬A Statistical Survey of Elections to the Legislatures of Sri Lanka‭ ‬1911-1977‭”, ‬G.‭ ‬P.‭ ‬S.‭ ‬H.‭ ‬De Silva (1979‭) ‬yana poþee æþi, 1976 siimaa nir‌Naayaka komisam vaarþaavee saÐahan lákaavee ee vanavita þibuNu mæþivaraNa canða kotthaaza 157þee canðaðaayakayingee (vootars) janavargaya haa aagama piLiBaÐa praþizaþa ðaþ‌þa valin ya (yam geðaraka canða ðaayakayin  ekkenek hoo ðennekuta amaþarava þava Lamayi ðennek hoo þun‌ðenek hoo iita vadaaða sitiya hækiya). 1976 vaddukoddeyi iiLam prakaazaNaya kaalayee sákhyaa mee siþiyam valin penvayi. vadaa mææþa jaaþiya, bhaaxaava haa aagama piLiBaÐa jana sákhyaa visþara labaa gæniimata næþa. 2015 ðaþ‌þa þibee nam mee siþiyamvala raþupaata praðeeza  miita vadaa pæþirii þibennata ida æþa. yam bhuugoola viðyaaþ‌maka siððhi ðaamayaka saþyaya, yaþhaar‌þhaya ðænagæniimata mahajanayaata ayiþiyak þibiya yuþuya.

yam canða kotthaazayaka ðemaLa jana praþizaþaya (canða ðaayakayin)lesa lákaa ðemaLa haa inðiyan ðemaLa yana ðekotasama ekaþukara yoðaa gannaa laðii. aniþ aþata síhala praþizaþaya sæðiimeeðii ganu læbuvee síhala bauððha yana kotasa pamaNaya. síhala krisþiyaaniin  in ivaþ karana laðii. mesee kaLee yam canða kotthaazayakaðii ðemaLa ayata vædima vaasiyaþ, síhala ayata aduma vaasiyaþ labaaðiimataya.

mee anuva 1977 ðii ðemaLa aya siyeeta 50 ta vædi mæþivarana kotthaaza 17 k viya. siyeeta 5-49 ðakvaa aasana 20 k viya. aasana 120 kama sitiyee siyeeta 0.4 -4.99 ðakvaaya. þissa viþaaraNa mæjooriti vaar‌þaava (APRC- 2006) ðemaLa polis sþhaana pihituvannata yoojanaa kaLee mee aasana 120 þula viya yuþuya.

palaveni siþiyama- ðemaLa janayaa (canða ðaayakayin) siyeeta 50 hoo iita vædi

mee siþiyamen penvannee 1977 ðii siyeeta panahak hoo iita vadaa ðemaLa (raþupaata), muslim (koLapaata) hoo síhala (nilpaata) janayaa (canða ðaayakayin) siti canða kotthaazaya. mee anuva kisima jana vargayak bahuþara novana canða kotthaaza æþþee 12 k pamaNaya. eevaa nam puþ‌þalama, vennappuva, naaþ‌þandiya, miigamuva, jaaæla, vaþ‌þala, gampoLa, naavalapitiya, koLaBa uþura, koLaBa mæða, koLaBa batahira haa poþuvil ya. ðemaLa janayaata muslim janayaa ek kaLoþ puþ‌þalama, mæða koLaBa haa naavalapitiya siyeeta panahakata vadaa suLu jaaþiin innaa canða kotthaaza bavata peraLee.

ðevæni siþiyama- ðemaLa janayaa (canða ðaayakayin) siyeeta 11-49 aþaravana

mema siþiyama palaveni siþiyamee hisþæn puravana aakaarayee siþiyamak væniya. palaveni siþiyamee æþi his þæn (suðupaata) sææhena þaramee ðemaLa janayaa sitina canða kotthaaza vana bava min penii yayi. eevaa bauððha haa ðemaLa praðeeza aþara mæða æþi sákramaNa kalaapayak bava penee. lákaavee iiLam ratak bihivunoþ mema kalaapaya niranþara vaargika gætum æþivana kalaapayak vanu nisækaya.

þunvana siþiyama- ðemaLa janayaa (canða ðaayakayin) siyeeta 1-10 aþaravana

mema siþiyamen penvannee suLu pramaaNayen ðemaLa janayaa jiivaþ‌vana canða kotthaazaya.  þissa viþaaraNa mæjooriti vaar‌þaava komisama (APRC, 2006) visin ðemaLa polis sþhaana pihituviimata hoo ðemaLa polis bhatayin þæbiimata yoojanaa kaLee mee canða kotthaazavalaya. eheþ 1983 ðii hoo iita pera hoo pasuva hoo mee praðeezavala ðemaLa janayaata hirihæra siðuvii næþa. aananða ságaarii mahaþaa kiyaa sitiyee síhala gamvalaðii ðemaLa janayaata karaðara novuu bavaya.

haþaravana siþiyama- krisþiyaani balapææma

mee siþiyamen penvannee lákaavee bayibal belt ekaya. krisþiyaaniin siyeeta 30 kata vadaa innaa (raþupaata), siyeeta 10-29 aþara innaa (kolapaata) haa siyeeta 1-9 aþara innaa (nilpaata) canða kotthaaza mehi penvaa æþa. siyeeta 1 ta vadaa adu piris (suðupaata) rata puraa visirii æþa. pasugiya avuruðu siiya þula kisima palliyakata paharaðiimak siðuvii næþa. aziilaacaara anyaagamiikaraNaya 1977 n pasu vædivii minis bætaLu lavaa buðu piLima poLovee gasaa kudukaravaa eevaata muþraa karaviimee kriyaa eLiviimaþ samaGa þa‌þ‌vaya venas viya.

pasvana siþiyama- bauððha suLuþaraya siyeeta 1-5

mevæni mæþivaraNa kotthaaza 19 k æþa. mema bauððha suLu jana kotasata þissa viþaaraNa mæjooriti vaar‌þaaven (APRC- 2006) kisi sahanayak yoojanaa kara þibuNee næþa. mee praðeeza vala æþi bauððha puraaviðyaa sþhaanavalata siðukaraNa haaniya væLæk‌viimata 2016 aga sita polis rækaval ðæmiima þissa viþaaraNa vaarþaava síhala gamvala ðemaLa polis bhatayin þæbiimata kala yoojanaava sihikaravayi. eheþ minisun aarakxaa kiriimaþ, natabun murakiriimaþ ekinekata venas kriyaaðaama ðekaki.

praaðeeziiya leekam kotthaaza anuva muslim jana vyaapþiya penvana siþiyamakða mee samaGa æþþee eyaða mema maaþûkaavata aðaaLa vana nisaaya. meya labaagaþþee veb adaviyakini. aagama anuva nova ðemaLa bhaaxaava kaþaakaraNa aya vazayen prabhaakaranta pera haa pasuva iiLam naayakayin muslim janayaa æmaþuvee/amaþannee raþupaatin penvana siþiyam valata mee muslim siþiyamaða ekaþu kara gæniimen labaagaþa hæki ðeezapaalana vaasiya nisaaya. mee siþiyam valin penii yannee síhala, ðemaLa haa muslim janayaa 1505 ta peraþ 1815 ta peraþ sahajiivanayen jiivaþ‌vuu aakaarayata iðiriyeeðiiða jiivaþ‌viima saÐahaa avazya 13 sázoðhana mara uGula nova gam mattamen mahajanayaata balaya pavarana, bhaaxaava haa aagama anuva nova svaabhaavika (jalaya) maayim anuva sæðuu pakxa ðeezapaalanayen þora jana sabhaa kramayak bavaya. mee vanaahii þamangee eðineðaa avazya katayuþu paalanaya kara gæniimee balaya kudaa bhuumi pramaaNayee eekaka uparima sákhyaavakata himikara ðiima namæþi sammuþi prajaaþanþravaaðayaya.

(mehi saÐahan siþiyam bæliimata lankaaveb.kom veb adaviyata yanna)

iilama ðamanaya

piriþnuul kaBa

1931 ðii donamoor kramaya yataþee sarva jana canða balaya læbuNaayin pasu siloon (síhalee yana nama ígriisi kaarayaata æhuNa hæti) kolaniyee iþihaasaya ællee guNaváza haamuðuruvan visin ven kara penvuu, maraNa biyak æþivuu vita oo mayi good hoo buðu ammoo hoo kiyaa kæægasana síhalayin ðekotasa aþaree siðuvuu, siðuvana gætuma noveeða? mee gætumeeðii kodi ussaagena giya buðu ammoo pirisata iþirivunee kodivala polu pamaNak yayi unvahansee kivveeya. ðæn kosol rajaþumaagee hiina sæbæævena mee ratee kodi venuvata kaBa þaram mahaþa piriþnuul aþee bæÐagena innee mee ðekotasagen mona kotasaða kiyaa pæhæðili næþa.  geðara gos paraNa siriþata buuru æÐaka ælavii vizraama suvayen sitiya yuþuva siti iþaa mahaLu hitapu agamæþi ði mu jayaraþna mahaþaa sambuð‌ðha jayanþiya sæmariimee komitiyata anyaagamika (islaam, hin‌ðu, krisþiyaani) niyoojiþayinva paþkalee ee nisaaya.

yahapaalanayak (ziilaacaariikaraNaya)

mevæni pasubimak yataþee ðæn 2017 vana vita ðaknata læbennee liccavi rajaðaruvangee paalana kramaya niþara niþara maþak karamin sitinaa lákaa agamæþi keneki. ohu miita pera ratee agamæþivuu kaalavala meya kalee næþa. ratee janaaðhipaþiþumaaþ idak laða hæma vitakama kiyannee bauððha ðarzanayata anuva ratee prazna visaÐanavaa kiyaaya. inðiyaavee janaaðhipaþi nilaya hebavuu abðul kalaam haa praþibhaa patil yana ðennaaða kiyaa sitiyee lookayee prazna valata visaÐum bauððha ðarzanaya anusaarayen labaagaþa hækiya kiyaaya. abðul kalaam ðemaLa muslim sambhavayak æþi ayek vuu aþara praþibhaa patil hinðu aagamikaavak viya. siriseena mahaþaa 2016 juuli 27 jaaþika piriven ðinayeeðii gætaBeeðii kiyaa sitiyee buðu ðahamata anuva rata paalanaya karanavaa kiyaaya. 2016 agoosþu 6 ðaa kiriveheree aagamika uþsavayakaðii saÐahan kaLee yahapaþ samaajayak goda næGiimee ekama maga (þheeravaaða) bauððha ðarzanaya ya kiyaaya. ohu mee aðahasa 2016 sæpþæmbar 22 ðina yuu en oo mahasabhaava iðiriyeeðiiða kiyaa sitiyeeya. 2017 janavaari 2 ðaa gambaða  pansal valata muðal aaðhaara beðaa ðemin janaaðhipaþi manðirayeeðii nævaþaþ kiyaa sitiyee bauððha ðarzanaya samaajayak godanæGiimata hoÐama viðhiya bavaya.

2017 janavaari mæða vanavita apata læbuNa aLuþ‌ma aaráciya nam, mee gætavara vayaseeðiima ciina komiyunist pakxayata bæÐii ðeezapaalanaya æraBuu siriseena mahaþaa, 2015 novæmbar masa pærisiyeeðii þampalaavela ðhammaraþana (yuneskoovee bauððha niyoojiþa) himiyan hamuva yahapaalanaya haa buððhaagama gæna kala pæyaka saakaccaavee praþiphalayak vazayen budist ayidiyals of gud gavar‌nans (bauððha raajya paalana praþipaþþi) yanuven poþak soorboon vizva viðyaalaya magin palakara  æþi bavaya. mee anuva lákaava pamaNak nova muLu lookayama suvapaþ kiriimata (ziilaacaara kiriimata) maGa penviima mee poþee aramuNaya. 1977 jayavar‌ðhana mahaþaagee ðharmixta samaajayak yana kaþaavata vadaa iðiriyata giya, bæræærum, yahapaalana (ðasa raaja ðharma) aðahas pracaliþa karana looka sáviðhaanayak pihituviimataða mee poþen yoojanaa karayi (lookayee rataval 198 n 85 ka bauððhayin sitii).

bauððha ðeezapaalana viðyaavak?

maaksvaaðaya, ðhanavaaðaya, samaajavaaðaya, looka yooðha kompæni vaaðaya, niyoojiþa prajaaþanþravaaðaya yana mee vaaða aþarata sammuþivaaðii ðasa raaja ðharmavaaðayak ða ekaþu kala hækkee eya kriyaavata návaa penviimeni.  ðiyaseena kumaarayek gæna apa iÐahita asaa æþa. ðharmaazoka rajaþumaa gænaða mahaavázayee ee nama saÐahanvuu nisaa api ðænagaþþemu. inðiyaavee dalit kulayee janayaa ambedkaar mahaþaa visin buððhaagamata hæravuuyee hinðu aaðhipaþyayata yatavii innaa  hari janayaa gæna  kaþaa kalaþ kula piidanayata visaÐumak gaan‌ðhi gen nolæbuNa nisaaya. aniþ pæþþen ohugee praþipaþþi gæna subaas canðraboox gaan‌ðhita ðehi kæpuveeya. 1956 mæþivaraNayeeðii maara yuððhaya namin kaatuun ekakin sar joonlaa olivar guNaþilakalaa buððha ruupayakata haani karannata avi amooraa gena yuu en pii æþaa pita næGa enavaa pennuveeya. miita heeþuva aaNduva saraNá gaccaami kiyaa paðayak buð‌ðhaagamee næþæyi agamæþi dii es seenaanaayaka mahaþaa visin heenpitageðara jçaanasiiha himiyanta kiimen  elivuna aaNdu praþipaþþiya nisaaya. páca mahaa balaveegayee kotasak vazayen 1956 ðii mesee haamuðuruvaru canða vædata mæðihaþ‌viima hærunu vita, ðeezapaalana viðyaavak vazayen praþhama varata buððhaagama raajya paalanayata gaavaa gannata poron‌ðuvuuyee 1977 ðii jee aar jayavar‌ðhana mahaþaagee ðharmixta samaajayak yana þeemaavaya. mæþivaraNa veeðikaavee bima ohu iÐagaþþee gan‌ðhiva sihikaravamini.

mee saÐahaa ohu venuven rata vatee giyee dabiliv es karuNaaraþna bauððha ðarzanaya piLiBaÐa mahaacaaryavarayaaya. baahira viplavayata (kaar, ziiþakara, raþ‌maala, upaaðhi, ðhanaya) amaþarava væsiyaagee siþ  saþan vala sanþaanagaþa viplavayakða (aarya axtaágika maargaya) siðuviya yuþubava ohugee þarkaya viya. canðayata pasuva ohu paarlimeenþuvata gos  mee gæna manþriinta ígriisiyen kaþaavak ða ðunneeya. ðharmixtha samaajayak namin muððarayakða nikuþ‌viya. in pasuva ohu æmerikaavee  þaanaapaþi vazayen giyeeya. aapasu lákaavata enavita ohu canðakaalayee kaþaakala ðharmixtha samaajaya, mahaacaarya eðiriviira saraccanðrata bima ðamaagena bayisikal ceen valin gasana, aaNduvata ahiþakara þiinðu ðun nadukaarayingee geval valata gal gasana samaajayak vii þibuNeeya. ee ðinavala mahabæ´kuvata gos bauððha saara ðha‌rma gæna ohu ðun kaþhaava ohugee balavaþ kalakiriima eliðarav kaleeya.  saraccanðra mahaþaa (a)ðharmixtha samaajaya yana namin poþak ða livveeya. pasu kaleka sooma haamuðuruvangee kriyaa nisaa maþuvuu bauððha praþipaþþi pakxayavuu jaaþika hela urumayaða accaaruvii giyeeya.

sammaa ðitti-sammaa sákappa-sammaa vaayaama

mema mææþa iþihaasayen monavata oppuvana kaaraNayak nam kaþaava haa kriyaava (ígrisiyen kiyana vook ða took) aþara venasata heeþuva sammaa ðitti-sákappa-vaayaama yana aarya axtaágika maargayee ága þuna hariyata hiþata nogena ðasaraaja ðhar‌mavaaðayak godanaGaa gaþa nohæki bavaya. mee nisaa mee lipiyen penvaa ðennata haðannee siriseena janaaðhipaþiþumaata sammaa ðitti (niværaði ðæniima) sammaa sákappa (niværaði aakalpaya) næþnam ohuta sammaa vaayaamayak (niværaði uþsaahayak) gaþa nohækivana bavaya. bauððha ðarzanaya maGin lookayee æþi prazna valata visaÐum soyaagaþa hækiyayi inðiyaavee hitapu upaþin bauððha novana janaaðhipaþilaa ðennekma kiyaa sitiyeeya. mevænima aðahasak þaruNa kaalayee hipiyeku vazayen kaalaya gevuu pasuva ðalayi laamaa gee æsuren buððhaagama gæna igenagena bauððha ðarzanaya piLiBaÐava maahaacaarya varayeku vuu robat þar‌man visinða æmerikaavee prazna haa samban‌ðhava prakaaza kaleeya (inar revoluuxan, 1999). miita pera, jar‌maniyee upan (yuðev jaaþika?) pasuva briþaanyayee aarþhika viðyaajçayekuvuu ii ef xumaakar visin  1973 ðii liyuu smool iis biyutiful yana poþen vaþ‌man lookayata budist ikonomiks haÐunvaaðii þibuNi. mahaacaarya kee en jayaþilaka, gunapaala malalaseekara yana ayaða miita kalakata pera mee bauððha raajya paalanaya gæna lipi livveeya. eheþ aða lákaavee bohoo aya noðannaa ðeyak nam kaLukoÐayaavee prajçaazekhara mahanaahimiyan visin 1933-41 kaalayee sita iþaamaþ saarþhakavuu graama praþisáskaraNa haa aparaaðhamarðhana nam ðiipa vyaapþa jaaþika vyaapaarayak kriyaavata næGuu bavaþ, evakata balayee siti suððan haa kaLu suððan ekaþuva eya kadaakappalkara ðæmuu bavaþ ya. dii es seenaanaayaka heenpitageðara jçaanasiiha haamuðuruvanta kalaðee væni ðeyakma (poron‌ðu kadakiriima) iita pera sar dii bii jayaþilaka visin prajçaazekhara haamuðuruvantaða kalabava æsiima yameku maviþa karavana suLuya.

aaNduva saraNá gaccaami noviima

mee an‌ðamata bauððha ðarzanayee guNa gaayanaakaraNa eya kriyaavataða næGiya hæki janaaðhipaþivarayek lesa lookayee ðænata innee siriseena mahaþaaya.  ohuta ee saÐahaa pittaniyak, kuBurak, paryeexaNaagaarayak læbii æþa. ohu visin kiyuu þavaþ karuNak nam sesu lookayee rataval valaða sahayoogaya labaagena iilamvaaðaya (venama ðemaLa ratak vaaðaya) þuran kara ðamanavaaya yannaya.  ee samaGama kiyavena þavaþ aðahasak nam saamaya, saþuta haa þirasara sávarðhanayak uðaakara gæniimaya. mee siyalla ekata bæÐii æþi kaaraNaa nisaa meevaa ixtakaragaþahæki kramayak þibeeða? siriseena mahaþaa visin kala þavaþ aiþihaasika prakaazayak ða (vena kisima lákaa raajyanaayakayek nokii) mehiðii iþaamaþ væðagaþvee.  eya nam lákaava palaaþ navayakata beðuvee ígriisikaarayin (koolbruk saami 1832 ðii) ovungee aðhiraajyavaaðii suuraakææmee vaasiya saÐahaa misa ratee yahapaþa gæna siþaa noveeya yana kiyamanaya. mesee suððan æþikala maayim baðaagena, ee anuva beðii kææ gæsiima nixphala ðeezapaalanayak bava ohu penvaa ðunneeya.

iilama haa buð‌ðhaagama

vigneexvaran visin 1948 sita lákaavee ðemaLa var‌gayaa ghaaþanaya kiriimak (tæmil jenoosayid) þibenavaayayi kiyana aþaree siriseena mahaþaa kiyannee ðemaLa janayaata asaaðhaaraNakam siðuvunaa/siðuvenavaa kiyaaya. mee nisaa mee lipiyee mee maaþûkaava yataþee apa salakaa bæliya yuþu mee praznayata buððhaagamee mæði piliveþa anuva visaÐumak labaa ðiya hæki aakaarayaya. mema visaðuma síhiÐiyaa komisamataþ, mahinða raajapakxa janaaðhipaþitaþ ee kaalayee iðiripaþ kalaþ ovunta sammaa ðittiyak noviiya. apa asaa æþi águlimaala ðamanaya, aalavaka ðamanaya hoo naalaagiri ðamanaya men iilam ðamanayak karannata þaamaþ hoÐatama idakada æþa.  æþ‌þavazayenma siþana vita mee saÐahaa pærisiyee sita ígriisiyen liyuu poþak avazya næþa.

sammaa ðitti yataþee mehiðii kalþiyaama sihiyata gaþayuþu muulika kaaraNayak æþa. nuuþana niiþi viðyaava (jurisprudans), ðeezapaalana viðyaava haa parisara vðyaaþ‌maka ðænum sambhaarayata anukuulava, vizeexayen ðemaLa janayaata guNaaþ‌makavana balaya labaaðiimak‌ ðiimak (æmerikan þaanaapaþi robat bleek ee kaalayee kiv an‌ðamee miininful develuuxan ekak) yanu, samban‌ðhan mahaþaa kiyana okkotama ekaGa vannata puLuvan hoo eebraham sumanþiran mahaþaa kiyana ðunnata pasu aapasu gannata bæri balaya pævariimak nam novana bavaya.  ee maGin saamakaamii, saaðhaaraNa bauððha iilam ðamanayak siðunovee.

puðgalayingee avazyaþaa haa ðeezapaalakayingee abhilaaza

yam ðemaLa. síhala hoo muslim hoo væsiyekuta æþi aazaa, uvamanaa epaakamuþ (niids ænd voonts), boru niyoojiþa prajaaþanþravaaðayak yataþee ovun ravataagena þaravana pakxa ðeezapaalana kayiraatikayin visin síhalayinta saapeekxava iðiriyata ðaana ðemaLa hoo muslim abhilaazaþ (æspireexans) aþara æþi venasa apa mehiðii avabhoðha karagaþa yuþuya. lákaavee bhuumi praðeezaya þula venama ðemaLa ratak janiþa kara gæniimee looka ðemaLa vyaapaarayee haa tii en ee ðemaLa iilam kotasvala abhilaazaya maanasika haa bhauþika vazayen paraajaya nokara ðemaLa væsiyangee puðgalika yahapaþa uðaakara ðiimata hækiyayi siþiima  sammaa ðitti hoo sammaa sákappa hoo novee. eekiiya ratak nova eksaþ ratak þula balaya beðiimak oonææyayi iilam vaaðiin kiyannee ðemaLa væsiyaagee jana jiiviþaya gæna siþaa nova ðeezapaalakayingee badagoosþaraya gæna siþaaya. iþaa suLu uðaaharaNayak gaþþoþ, lákaavee ðemaLa janayaagen siyeeta haþalihakma innee uþuree haa næGenahira þiyenavaa kiyana ðemaLa nija bhuumiyee nova in pitaya. koLaBa nagaraya gaþþoþ ehi síhala janayaa innee siyeeta þihak pamaNaya. mee nisaa venama ratak kadaaðiima mee praznayata visaÐuma nam koLaBa haa malaya naaduða (kan‌ða udarata vaþu ðemaLa) ee ðemaLa ratee  kææli viya yuþuya. looka ðemaLa nija bhuumiya þibennee tæmilnaad valaya.

mevæni jaramarayak nokara, ekþaraa saaðhaaraNa pramaaNayakata yam ðemaLa abhilaazaða  labaa gaþa hæki, eheþ ee abhilaaza, síhala janayaagee ekama abhilaazaya vana tæmil naaduvata iilam harahaa lákaava allaa gannata maga paaðaa noðiya yuþuya yanna haa nogætena aakaarayata ðiya hæki bauðððha maðhyama praþipaðaa (riisanabal) visaÐumak, iilam ðamanayak æþa. 2009 mæyi 19 ðaata pasuðaa yuððha aajçaavak maGin ahoosi kalayuþuva þibuu lákaavee palaaþ navayee beðuma esee siðunovuuyee rata gæna, síhala jaaþiya gæna, bauððha zaasanaya gæna, hari hamá kækkumak nomæþi kaLu suððan pirisak, ðhar‌mapaalaþumaata pasuva mææþakaðii gágodavila sooma haamuðuruvan visinða iþaa pæhæðiliva penvaaðun aakaarayee, vinaazakaarii  balaveega valata goðuruvii sitiya nisaaya. prabhaakaran ðemaLa kæppettipola yayi kiyana vigneezvaran væni kenekuta hemin hemin iilama karaa yaamata ida ðun hasaLaka viirayaata ðrohiivuu puðgalayin nisaaya. ðæn siðuvii þibennee niyapoþþen kædiya hækiva þibuu ðeya poroven kæpiimataya. þrikuNaamaLayata keLa halamin sitina rataval  pæænen paraðavaa meya kala hæki ðemaLa janayaata gam mattaminma balaya pavaraa ðena bava penvaa ðiimen ya. meya karannee keseeða? bauððha kramayata ratak ziilaacaariikaraNaya kiriimata yaameeðii bauðha novana ayava reel piilla uda þabaa gannee keseeða?

iilam ðamanaya

1. gaþayuþu praþhama piyavara (bhuumi eekaka saÐahaa aþiiþayeeðii men svaabhaavika maayim yoðaa gæniima)

lákaavee pahalama sivil raajya paripaalana eekakaya vana graama seevaka vasam ðænata bohoo seyin pavaþina kûþima maayim venuvata parisara-svabhaavika (gáGaa nimna haa bhuugaþa jalaya) maayim anuva pihituviima (uðaaharaNayak vazayen ginigaþ‌heena polisiyee vahalee eka pæþþakata vætena væhi vaþura kæLaNi gaGataþ, aniþ pæþþata vætena vaþura mahavæli gaGataþ galaa yayi. mee nisaa ema ðiyabeþ‌ma vasam ðekaka svabhaavika maayimaya).

1987 ðii jee aar jayavarðhana mahaþaa visin paþkala idam komisamee vaar‌þaava (1990 áka 3 ðaraNa sæsi vaarþaava) maGin mema yoojanaava genaa bava ðannaa ðeezapaalakayek, nilaðhaariyek, nadukaarayek hoo vizva viðyaalakaarayek hoo en jii oo kaarayek aða ratee innavaaða yanna siþanavita æþivannee kaNagaatuvakata vadaa keenþiyaki.

gama-væva-ðaagæba yana pæraNi síhalee samaaja-aarþhika-parisara þriþ‌vaya gaGak, ælak, ðoLak, ulpaþak, vævak keenðra karagaþ eekakayaki. mee maGin 4,000 sita 14,000 ðakvaa preemaðaasa yugayeeðii vædikala mema vasam sákhyaava iita vadaa behevin aduvanu æþa. mesee parisarayata anukuula vanasee sivil eekaka sæðiimen parisaraya haa aazriþa prazna valata nisi avaðhaanayak læbee. mesee gáGaa ðroNi anuva pahala sivil eekaka nir‌Naya kiriima kudaa ratak vana nivsiilanþayee niþiyaya.

2. ðevana piyavara

mema aLuþ vasam ekaþu kara ðæn þibena ðisþrik hoo palaaþ valata samaana vana vizaala eekaka saðaa gaþa hækiya. iita amaþarava canða kottthaaza æþuLu mæþivarana eekakaþ, venaþ polis, saukhya, aðhyaapana yanaaðii paripaalana eekakaþ mema vasam ekaþukara sæðuu maayim anuva pihitu viya hækiya. yam vasamak kûþima kæælivalata nokædiima mehiðii anugamanaya kala yuþu muulika riiþiyaya. mee anuva mee siyaLu anekuþ eekaka svaabhaavika maayim sahiþa eekaka vee.  miita heeþuva lákaavee æþi gáGaa ðroNi 103 anuva ratee muLu bhuumiyama gáGaa ðroNi anuva beðiya hæki viimaya.  gahaka aþu men eevaa us þænaka sita pahalata galaa gos kramayen vizaalavii loku gaGakva muhuðata vætee (ðænata pavaþina kramaya anuva yam ðisþrikkayaka hoo palaaþaka maayima svaabhaavika maayimak novana nisaa esee eevaayee maayim valata asuvana graama seevaa vasam valataða svaabhaavika maayim næþa). uþurata ðakuNen pol raa geennata epaa, uþurata moragahakan‌ða vævee jalaya oonææ kiyaa ðæn ennee iðiriyata gáGaa jalaya beðaa illaa æþivana jala yuððha vala sájçaa ya. ðænatamaþ mevæni jala yuððha tæmilnaad haa ehi asalvæsi janapaða þuna (keeraLa, kar‌naataka haa aanðra praðeez) aþara niþarama hataganii. niyá kaalayata iilam praðeezayata kaÐu ratin aarambhavii ena gáGaa jalaya illaa maanava ayiþiyak kadakalaa kiyaa yuu en oo ekee nadu kiyanu æþa.

3. þunvana piyavara (janayaata balaya maaru kiriima)

mema graama seevaka vasam vala bhuumi pramaaNaya hoo janagahanaya anuva salakaa balaa þani vasamak hoo vasam ðekak hoo þunak ekaþu kara eevaa jana sabhaa lesa haÐunaa gæniima. janagahanaya gæna sælakiimeeðii paðíci muLu minis sákhyaava misa ovungee jaaþiya, vargaya, kulaya, bhaaxaava hoo aagama nosælakiya yuþuya. mema jana sabhaa valata graama raajya sákalpaya hoo inðiyaavee pácayaaþ raajya men ovungee eðineðaa jiiviþayata balapaanaa karuNu samban‌ðhayen þiiraNa gæniimata haa kriyaa kiriimata balaya guNaaþmaka lesa (miininful) pavaraa ðiya yuþuya.

ðakuNu palaaþ‌vala muslim janayaa ekata kæti gæsii sitina kudaa bhuumi praðeeza æþaþ, ðemaLa janayaa ðakuNee innee visirii gos ya. lákaavee síhala jaaþiya haa aniþ janavar‌ga ekata jiivaþ‌vannee hariyata biþþarayak ekata kalavam kalaavageeya kiyannee mee nisaaya. ee mizraNaya nævaþa venkara gaþa nohækiya. mee anuva svaabhaavika maayim anuva sæðuu jana sabhaa praðeeza, síhala, ðemaLa hoo muslim janayaa sama samava sitinaa (koLaBa nagaraya men) hoo behevin asamaanava sitinaa (maaþara-síhala, yaapanaya-ðemaLa, akuraNa-muslim) eekaka viya hækiya. ee anuva yam jana sabhaavaka suLu jana kotasa yana vacanaya ðemaLa hoo muslim jana kotas valata pamaNak siimaa novee. madakalapuvee síhalayaa iþaamaþ suLu jaaþiyaki.

sáhiÐiyaa kaduva haa naagayaa

ðahas gaNan jana sabhaa vala janayaa þamangee eðineðaa puðgalika uvamanaakam sapuraa gannaa gaman yam aþi bahuþara jana kotas valata yam poðu abhilaaza saÐahaaða mee maGin avakaazayak læbee. eheþ ðæn pavaþina 13-ee uþuru haa næGenahira palaaþ sabhaa men síhala jaaþiyata avaðaanamak kiriimata mee jana sabhaa valata idak næþa. heeþuva jana sabhaa maayim bhaaxaava hoo vargaya anuva pihituvaa noþibiimaþ, yam jana sabhaavak eya þula sitina suLu jana kotasata haanikarana an‌ðamee þiiraNa gaþþoþ, ee suLu jana kotasa aþi bahuþarayak vana venaþ jana sabhaavak iita viruððhava (ekata eka kara) ehi sitina suLu jana kotasata haanikaravana þiiraNayak gannata peLaBiimata ida þibena nisaaþ ya. meya ayuþu hæsiriimak (niiþi pænaviimak) lesa niiþi maGin þahanam karaNavaata vadaa venas an‌ðamata balaþulanaya kiriimaki. madakalapuvee muslim aya aðhika jana sabhaavak aLuþin pansal hæðiima þahanam karannata niiþiyak paas koloþ ee venuvata hoomaagama jana sabhaavak muslim palli hæðiima þahanam karana niiþiyak paas karannata ida æþa. mee nisaa hoomaagama muslim janayaa madakalapuvee muslim janayaata mee anaþura ðanvaa eya valakvanu æþa. ðæn þibena kramaya anuva sáhiÐiyaava pavaþ‌vaagena yannee polis nilaðhaariin ðeðenek bægin uþuree haa næGenahira buðu piLima valata rææ ðaaval mura ðamaa noveeða? ðakuNee bauððhayin ciraanugaþa anyaagamika ruupa valata hoo palli valata þaara gana manasika mattamakata vætii næþa. uþuru næGenahira ðemaLa-muslim jana kotas usiganvana ðeezapaalakayinta sáhiÐiyaa kaduva misa navaguNavæla noþeeree. ovunta meþþaa-karuNaa-muðiþaa-upeekkhaa ða aNdara ðemaLaya. mee nisaa vairayen vairaya nosansiÐee yayi maþuranavaa venuvata  booðhisaþ‌va naagayaa lipbokken ðara pollak aþata gaþ mæhæliyata kalaa men penee pippiimak avazyaya.

4. haþaravana piyavara (jana sabhaa kriyaaþmaka kiriima)

mema jana sabhaa pakxa ðeezapaalanayen þorava canðayen þooraa gannaa niyojiþayin ðasa ðenekugen samanviþa viya hækiya. mahajanayaagee eðineðaa jiiviþayee  avazyaþaa vizaala kotasak mee jana sabhaa maGin sapayaa gaþa hækiya. pirisiðu jalaya, kuNu kasala kaLamanaakaraNaya, dégu marðhanaya, parisara ðuuxaNaya avama kiriima, montosoori, praaþhamika aðhyaapanaya, muulika saukhya seevaa, paaraval, muulika raajya seevaa, muulika samaaja seevaa, govi jana seevaa yanaaðiya mee yataþata paþkala hækiya.  uþuru vasanþaya haa næGenahira navooðaya asaar‌þhaka vunee mesee nokala nisaaya. maðhyama aaNduva magin kalayuþu seevaa haa jaaþika mattamen gaþayuþu þiiraNa paarlimeenþu manþrii kramaya harahaa siðuvenu æþa. sææma jana sabhaavakama paryeexaNa eekakayak pihituviya yuþu aþara ema eekakayee nilaðhaariin paþ kiriima haa vinaya paalanaya maðhyama paryeexaNa aayaþanayak maGin misa jana sabhaava harahaa noviya yuþuya. jana sabhaa sambanðha ðaþþa, vaarþaa pramiþiikaraNaya kara parigaNaka maGin veb adaviyakin balaagaþa hækiviya yuþuya. mee anuva hambanþota innaa ayekuta yaapanee hoo ampaaree þoraþuru vivûþa viya yuþuya. mee samban‌ðhayen savisþara salæsmak mee lipiyee saÐahan kala nohækiya. mevæni parigaNaka gaþakala ðaþ‌þa ðænatamaþ graama seevaka vasam mattamen rajayee veb adavivala ðamaa þibenu maa ðæka æþa.

5. pasvana piyavara (þirasara sávarðhanaya)

þirasara sávarðhanaya yanu-aarþhika sávarðhanaya-samaajiiya abhivûðhiya-parisara sárakxaNaya yana paaða þunak sahiþa þrikooNaya ya. eheþ iilam hisaraðaya samaGa þirasara pragaþiyak balaaporoþþuviima vest bæænk ekee yuðev janaavaasa haðamin iizraalaya palasþiinaya samaGa saamayak hoyanavaa væniya. lookaya suvapaþ karannata, ziilaacaara karannata maGa penvannata yuneskoovee bauððha niyoojiþayaavana þampaavela ðhammaraþana himiyan (práza jaaþikayekða samaGa) liyuu poþee kiyanaðee lákaavee kriyaaþ‌maka karannata nam næGenahira kûþima palaaþee ðemaLa nija bhuumiyak þibee yana celvanaayagam mahaþaa geþuu miþhyaa kaþaava zunya kala yuþuya. eya kala hækkee næGenahira palaaþaþ aniþ palaaþuþ svaabhaavika maayim sahiþa eekaka lesa parisara viðyaaþmakava haÐunvaa gæniimeni. iilam ðamanaya kiyannee eyataya.

meya bhuumi pramaaNaya vazayen ðæn þibena ðisþrik 25 mattamin hoo palaaþ navaya mattamen hoo gáGaaðroNi maayim anuva kala hækiya. sææma praðeezayakatama saagara muhuNaþak læbena haa bimee pramaaNayen bohoo seyin eka samaanavana aakaarayata gáGaa ðroNi haþakata beðu kalaapa siþiyama mehi pahaþin æþa. yaal paanam kalaapaya, rajarata kalaapayenða jalaya labaagannata yana (moragahakan‌ða-kaLu gáGaa vyaapûþiya), aþibahuþara ðemaLa janaazriþa kalaapayakvee. eheþ eya esee venkara æþþee bhaaxaava paðanam karagena novee. ðigu kaalayeeðii buðu pilima arahá karavana manasak iilamvaaðiin visin ahísaka ðemaLa janayaata pætaviimata sæðiima zunya vannee evitaya. muslim zaariyaa vaaðayaða gam mattamin lop kala hækkeeða evitaya. ee samaGa síhala haa ðemaLa bhaaxaa paasælvala ugænviimaða jana sabhaa mattamen siðuvanu æþa. meyaða iilamvaaðaya kota uda yæviimata heeþuvanneeya.

canða kot‌thaaza anuva pakxa ðeezapaalanaya uda paþ‌vana paarlimeenþuvakuþ, pakxa ðeezapaalanayen þorava canðayen paþ‌vana sammuþivaaðii jana sabhaa kramayakuþ yana viðhi ðeka maGin ðeezapaalanaya pavul jiivikaava karagena jiivaþ‌vana pirisak visin jana sabhaa kramaya adaala karannata ðarana uþsaahayata riisanabal (maðhyama praþipaðaava) visaÐumak læbee. ratee jana sabhaa gáGaa ðroNi haþak vazayen gonukara (hoo ðisþrik 25 k vazayen gonukara) siya ðenekugen yuþ jaaþika jana sabhaa maNdalayak (seneet sabhaavak) pihituvaa eya paarlimeenþuvata aþireeka niiþi sampaaðana eekakayak kala hækiya. mee maGin jaaþika mattamin balaþulanayak æþivee. mee maGin pakxa ðeezapaalanayaða ziilaacaara vanavaa nisækaya.

buððhaagamee mul galak vana maðhyama praþipaðaavaþ, nuuþana niiþi viðyaavee ena riisanabalnas doktrin ekaþ, bhuugoola viðyaavee ena pûþhivi þalaya maþa þibena venkara haÐunaagaþa hæki bhuumi praðeezaya  (riijans) namæþi sákalpayaþ ekama looka siððhaáþayak ðesa pæþi þunakin bæliimak bava vatahaa gæniima sammaa ðitti haa sammaa sákappa ða vee. evita sammaa vaayaamayak saÐahaa idak læbee.  jana sabhaa sákalpaya þrikooNayaka mæða nam ehi eka pæþþak maðhyama praþipaðaavaya. ee kiyannee anþavaaðii noviimaya. uuru mas kana, harak mas kana, kukul mas kana, maaLu kana haa eLavalu pamaNak kana minisun yam jana sabhaavak þula sitiya hækiya. mee nisaa ehi minisun yam yam ekaGaþaavalata (kampromyis) pæmiNiya yuþuya. þrikooNayee ðevana pæþþa lesa niiþi viðyaavee (jurisprudans) riisanabalnas nyaaya (saaðhaaraNakama) æþa. meyaða buð‌ðhaagamee maðhyama praþipaðaavaya. oonææma gætumak anþimeeðii usaaviyakin visaÐannee mee riiþiya anuva yamin ya. jana sabhaavak gaþ yam kriyaavak, þiiraNayak saaðhaaraNaða  yanna þiiraNaya vannee noyek bhuugoola viðyaaþmaka karuNu maþaya. þrikooNayee þunvana pæþþa vannee bhuumi praðeezayaya (riijanal kansept). lookayee hoo rataka bhuumiya noyek nirNaayaka anuva ekinekata venas bhuumi praðeeza vee. meya pasa, jalaya, gas, ðeezaguNaya hoo eevaayee ekaþuven (lákaavee kûxi-parisara kalaapa 46 k haÐunaagena æþþee meseeya) hoo siðuvana ðeyaki. viyali kalaapaya, þeþ kalaapaya, þæniþalaa, kaÐukara, hunugal pasa, kabok pasa, laÐu kælææ, a‌r‌þaapal, goovaa vævena praðeeza, vatu kuruLu biþþara ekaþu karagaþahæki praðeeza yanaaðii vazayen vivðha praðeeza æþa. væsi jalaya læbena aakaaraya anuva mee bhuumi praðeeza avuruðupaþaa hoo cakraakaarava avuruðu gaNanakata varak hoo venasviim valataða lakvee. gávaþura, naayayaam, niyá valata lak‌vena praðeeza æþa. min peniiyannee jana sabhaa lesa kudaa bhuumi praðeeza vazayen misa mega projekt lákaava vagee kudaa ratakata nusuðusu bava noveeða? mega projekt valata van‌ði gevannee þaavakaalika ðeezapaalakayaa nova asaraNa ratavæsiyaaya.

pahaþin penvana siþiyam þuna ðesa balanna.  puraaNa laDakaava yana siþiyama gaþþee valpola zrii raahula haamuðuruvan visin  1955 ðii ígriisiyen liyaa síhalata peraluu lakðiva buðusamayee iþihaasaya nam poþeni. ee siþiyama piLiyela kara ðii æþþee sii dabliv nikalas nam iþihaasajçayaa visini. síhala janayaagee iþihaasaya ðakuNu palaaþ haþata siimaa kiriimata siþiima keþaram asaaðhaaraNaða yanna in penii yayi. 1977 sákhyaa leekhana anuva ðemaLa haa muslim janayaa siyeeta 1-10 ðakvaa sitina mæþivarana kottthaaza mattamee siþiyama iilaGa siþiyamaya. mevæni ðaþþa 1977 n pasuva prasiððha kara næþa. mevæni kalavamkala biþþarayaka suLu janava‌r‌ga valata sáhiÐiyaaven jiivaþ‌viimata suðusuma viðhiya jana sabhaa kramaya noveeða? bhuugoola viðyaa mahaacaarya maððumabaNdaara visin nirmaaNaya kala þunvana siþiyamen penvannee parisara saaðhaka anuva maayim saðaagaþ jana sabhaa kramaya yataþee iðiriyata gos ðivayina beðiya hæki bhaaxaava nova svabhaava ðharmaya maþa paðanamvuu rataki. 13 ee ahoosikara ee venuvata gaþa hæki sáhiÐiyaa piyavaraya.  meya vanaahi lookayee iilam ðamanaya namvee.